Kefuoe Emmaculate Makena recently completed her Masters by Research at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). She holds a Bachelor of Arts in History and Political Studies and Honours degree in History with the History Workshop scholarship, both from Wits. Makena’s Masters dissertation is titled: Violence and Protest: A Historical Analysis of Violence and Community Protests in Bethanie, c. 1866 to 2018. She completed her dissertation under the ‘Violent States, States of Violence’ project with the Society, Work and Politics Institute (SWOP). She worked as a research assistant at SWOP and as a research associate with the University of Exeter under the South African Hidden War project. Makena’s wider research interests include politics of belonging, rural and urban transformations, histories and theories of violence, silences, and subjectivities.